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Stem Cutting Method of Plant Propagation
from:Plant propagation refers to the regeneration and increase in the number of plants. This can be done either sexually or asexually. Sexual propagation makes use of seeds while in asexual propagation, no seeds are involved. There are various methods used for asexual propagation of plants. Stem cutting is the most commonly used method for propagation. It is generally used to propagate many woody ornamental plants. Stem cuttings from many favorite shrubs can be easily rooted. While stem cuttings from tree species are bit difficult to root. However, we are able to root the cuttings from trees like crape myrtles, some elms and birches.
Propagation by stem cutting is not adequate method for green house. It is critical for greenhouse to maintain high humidity around the cutting. High humidity around the cutting is maintained by covering the pot with a bottomless milk jug or by placing the pot into a clear plastic bag. It can be also placed in the plastic trays with holes and covered with clear plastic stretched over a wire frame.
There are four main types of stem cutting. They are herbaceous, softwood, semi-hardwood and hardwood. These terms refer to the growth stages of the stock plant. Herbaceous cutting is applicable for non-woody, herbaceous plants such as coleus, chrysanthemums and dahlia. In this method, 3 to 5 inch piece from parent plant is cut. The leaves on the lower 1/3-1/2 of the stem are removed and immediately rooted. Softwood cuttings are obtained from soft, succulent, new growth of woody plants. The shoots, that have gradation of leaf size and that can be easily snapped, are suitable for softwood cuttings. The extra care should be taken to prevent the drying of tender soft shoots. Semi-hardwood cuttings are applicable for the partially mature wood of the current season’s growth. The appropriate time for this type of cutting is from mid-July to early fall. During this period, the plant is with firm stem and mature leaves. This method is good for many broadleaf evergreen shrubs and some conifers. Hardwood cuttings can be obtained from dormant, mature stems in late fall, winter or early spring. The plants don’t show the signs of active growth at this stage. Hardwood cuttings are applicable for the propagation of the plants like forsythia, privet, fig, grape and spirea. Hardwood cuttings include three types such as straight, mallet and heel.
The cuttings should be from the upper part of healthy, disease-free plant that show current or past season’s growth. The cutting is treated with root-promoting hormone. One-third to one-half part of the cutting is inserted in the sterile rooting medium, keeping the stem in vertical position. The cutting is covered with the plastic and kept away from direct sunlight. Moist medium is maintained until the cutting has rooted.
In this way, plant propagation by stem cutting method is very useful.
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