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T budding or shield budding
from:In T budding or shield budding, the piece of plant that is cut as a scion is reduced and a single bud remains. The scion which you choose for T budding should have a matured, full grown buds in a dormant condition. An ideal scion is one which has healthy buds. The root stock or the cambium in the root stock should be in a state of growing at the moment. T budding is generally implemented on trees that fruit.
The leaf blades should have petioles intact. With the help of a sharp blade or knife, cut the bud and along with it a small portion of the wood below it. The cut should be an upward slice. Some people are of the opinion that a downward cut is better than an upward one. Turning to the root stock, you need to make a vertical cut on the same. Make the cut so deep that the bark separates at the cambium. Then make a horizontal cut just above the vertical one to make a T shape. If you reside in an area where there is a heavy rainfall or the root stock is likely to bleed, the cut should be in the shape of an inverted T. thus water or sap will not accumulate in the graft.
Then carefully remove the bark in two flaps in such a way that there is a pocket like formation. This space is used to place the bud. When you separate the flaps take care that they are not torn off. In case you experience a difficulty in separating the bark it means that the stock is not actively growing and is not fit for T budding. You can try budding when there is an active growth. The next step is to try and slip the bud in the pocket provided.
After you have fitted the bud, take a budding rubber or a grafting tape and wrap it around the bark flaps. You can remove this closure after two to three weeks when you are sure that the fusion has healed. In case the material does not break it will form a girdle around the rootstock. Then cut the upper portion of the root stock so that the bud is forced to grow. Then scion will then start growing vigorously.
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