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Layering Method of Plant Propagation
from:In Nature, there are different methods of plant propagation. Sexual reproduction takes place through seeds. Asexual or vegetative reproduction is useful in case of some plants that cannot be grown into offspring from their seed stage. Layering method is one of the vegetative propagation methods. Layering includes the development of roots on a stem that is still attached to the parent plant. This method is generally successful because of minimum water stress and high carbohydrate and mineral levels. A layer is the rooted stem after removal from the parent plant. Natural layering may happen in case of some plants. But sometimes this process is assisted by the plant propagators. Wounding the stem at the possible place of root formation enhances the layering process.
There are different types of layering such as simple layering, tip layering, compound layering, mound layering and air layering. Simple layering is done by bending a low growing, flexible stem to the ground. 6-12 inches part of stem is kept above the soil while remaining part is covered with soil. This method is applicable for climbing roses, forsythia, rhododendron, honeysuckle, boxwood, azalea and wax myrtle. In the tip layering method, 3-4 inches deep hole is dug in the ground. The tip of a current season’s shoot is inserted in the hole. It is covered with soil. The tip first grows in the downward direction. Then it bends sharply and then grows upward. A new plant is formed at the re-curved tip. This method is useful for the propagation of the plants like purple and black raspberries, trailing blackberries. In the compound or serpentine layering, several layers from a single stem are obtained. The stem is bent to the rooting medium. The alternate sections of the stem are covered and exposed. Each section of stem includes at least one exposed bud and one bud covered with soil. This method is useful for the plants producing vine-like growth such as heart-leaf philodendron, pothos, wisteria, clematis and grapes. Mound or stool layering method is applicable for heavy-stemmed, closely branched shrubs and rootstocks of tree fruits. The plant is cut back to 1 inch above the soil surface in the dormant season. New shoots are developed from the dormant buds. The new shoots are mounded with soil as they grow. This method is good for apple rootstocks, spirea, quince, daphne and cotoneaster. Air layering method is applicable to propagate large, overgrown house plants like rubber plants, croton, dieffenbachia and woody ornamentals like azalea, camellia, magnolia, and holly. This is normally done at about 1 foot from the tip of the stem of woody plants. The natural layering occurs in case of runners and offsets. They produce new shoots where they touch the growing medium.
Thus the layering method is quite advantageous in plant propagation.
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