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Grafting
from:This type of method in plant propagation is perhaps one of the toughest ones to carry out. In this method plant cells from two different plants are forced to fuse with one another. This is mostly used in plants that are grown commercially. This main idea is to have new plants that are genetic combinations of the two parent plants. One example of grafting is growing roses of various colors on the same plant.
The bark of the tree transports the nutrients and water to various parts of the tree. Below the bark is the cambium layer which is the most important plant part in grafting. Out of the two plants one plant will give rise to the roots. This is called as the stock. The scion is the plant part which forms the stems, flowers, fruits and leaves. The scion should be taken in early winter if the plant is deciduous in type. The cuts made on the stock and scion should be done with a blade or knife that is sharp and clean. The cut scion should also have leaf buds. The cut should be about ¼ inches. These cuttings should be put along with damp peat moss in a plastic bag and refrigerated.
The best time to graft plants is during the dormancy period. Now the scion and stock should be brought together and grafted in such a way that their cut ends meet. In this area, you will observe a calloused area after some days. The tissues in the cambium will unite and the flow of water and nutrients will begin. This means that a new plant is on the way.
Side veneer graft is a type of grafting used for dwarf conifers and evergreens. This method should be carried out in late winter. You need to make a cut of about 2 to 3 inches and a second cut below the first one so that a piece is removed. Then you have to make two cuts on the scion; the first an angled cut and the second a straight cut along the length. Then bring the two pieces together and tie them with a tape. The callous should always remain moist hence sprinkle water on them regularly. However the soil should be kept on the dryer side.
Another method is the Whip and Tongue graft. In this type of grafting the area of the fused cambium is greater. Hence it is a reliable method. This method is general used for trees with fruits or ornamentals trees.
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